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Record all three – they are useful for cross‑referencing with public repositories, VirusTotal, or internal hash databases. # Use isoinfo (part of genisoimage / cdrkit) isoinfo -d -i emp-hl.iso # General volume descriptor isoinfo -l -i emp-hl.iso # List files (ISO‑9660) isoinfo -J -i emp-hl.iso # Joliet (Unicode filenames) isoinfo -U -i emp-hl.iso # UDF (if present) Look for flags such as “Rock Ridge” (POSIX extensions) or “El Torito” (bootable). Note the volume ID, publisher, application ID, and creation date. 3.4. Mount the ISO (read‑only) Linux

Mount-DiskImage -ImagePath .\emp-hl.iso # Get the drive letter assigned: Get-DiskImage -ImagePath .\emp-hl.iso | Get-Volume emp-hl.iso

hdiutil attach -readonly -mountpoint /Volumes/emp-hl emp-hl.iso Always mount with the read‑only flag to avoid accidental writes that could modify timestamps or file integrity. 3.5. Enumerate the File System # Recursive tree view (Linux) tree -a -L 5 /mnt/emp-hl > iso_tree.txt Record all three – they are useful for

sudo mkdir /mnt/emp-hl sudo mount -o loop,ro emp-hl.iso /mnt/emp-hl Enumerate the File System # Recursive tree view

The guide is organized as a step‑by‑step workflow, the recommended tools, the types of information you should capture, and a ready‑to‑fill‑in template that will turn your findings into a polished, professional document. | Item | Why it matters | Recommended Tool / Command | |------|----------------|---------------------------| | Operating System | Most ISO‑analysis tools run on Linux/Unix, but Windows/macOS are also fine. | Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (or any recent distro), Windows 10/11, macOS 13+ | | Mounting capability | To explore file‑system contents without extracting. | mount -o loop (Linux), PowerShell Mount-DiskImage (Windows), hdiutil attach (macOS) | | Hashing utilities | Verify integrity and generate unique identifiers. | sha256sum , md5sum , shasum -a 256 , certutil -hashfile (Win) | | File‑system inspection tools | List, extract, and analyse files inside the ISO. | isoinfo , 7z , bsdtar , iso9660 libraries, PowerISO , WinISO , The Sleuth Kit (TSK) | | Static‑analysis/forensics suite | Automate extraction of metadata, timestamps, embedded executables, etc. | Autopsy , FTK Imager , X-Ways Forensics , bulk_extractor , pefile (for PE files), exiftool | | Malware sandbox (optional) | Safely execute any suspicious binaries. | Cuckoo Sandbox, FireEye AX, any isolated VM with network disabled. | | Documentation tools | Keep notes, screenshots, and generate the final PDF/HTML report. | Markdown + Pandoc , LaTeX , Microsoft Word , Jupyter Notebook (for code snippets). | Tip: If you are working on a Windows host, consider installing the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL2) – it gives you a full Linux environment without leaving Windows, and all the Linux tools above work out‑of‑the‑box. 2️⃣ HIGH‑LEVEL ANALYSIS WORKFLOW ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 1. Acquire the ISO │ │ (checksum verification│ │ from source) │ └─────────────┬─────────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 2. Compute hashes │ │ (SHA‑256, MD5) │ └───────┬───────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 3. Identify ISO type │ │ (ISO‑9660, Joliet, │ │ UDF, hybrid) │ └───────┬───────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 4. Mount / Extract │ │ (read‑only) │ └───────┬───────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 5. Enumerate contents │ │ (directory tree, │ │ file sizes, dates) │ └───────┬───────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 6. File‑type analysis │ │ (executables, docs, │ │ scripts, archives) │ └───────┬───────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 7. Deep static analysis│ │ (PE headers, │ │ embedded scripts, │ │ signatures) │ └───────┬───────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 8. Dynamic analysis │ │ (sandbox, network‑ │ │ isolated VM) │ └───────┬───────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 9. Correlation & │ │ threat‑intel │ └───────┬───────────────┘ │ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ 10. Reporting │ │ (fill template) │ └───────────────────────┘ Each block is described in detail below. 3️⃣ STEP‑BY‑STEP DETAIL 3.1. Acquire the ISO & Verify Integrity # Example (Linux) wget -O emp-hl.iso https://example.com/path/emp-hl.iso sha256sum emp-hl.iso > emp-hl.sha256 # Compare with the hash provided by the source If you received the ISO via a USB drive or email attachment, compute hashes on the original medium to confirm it hasn’t been altered. 3.2. Compute Cryptographic Hashes | Algorithm | Command (Linux) | Command (Windows) | |-----------|-----------------|-------------------| | SHA‑256 | sha256sum emp-hl.iso | certutil -hashfile emp-hl.iso SHA256 | | SHA‑1 | sha1sum emp-hl.iso | certutil -hashfile emp-hl.iso SHA1 | | MD5 | md5sum emp-hl.iso | certutil -hashfile emp-hl.iso MD5 |