Ganong Physiology Mcq Pdf ◎ «EXCLUSIVE»

A) Increased PaCO2, increased pH B) Decreased PaCO2, increased pH C) Decreased PaCO2, decreased pH D) Increased PaCO2, decreased pH

A) Rapid influx of Na+ through fast voltage-gated channels B) Inward “funny current” (If) carried mainly by Na+ and K+ efflux decrease C) Exclusive T-type Ca2+ channel activation D) Na+/Ca2+ exchanger operating in reverse mode

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Explanation: Hypotension reduces baroreceptor firing → increased sympathetic outflow to heart (β1 receptors) → increased HR. Vagal tone decreases, not increases.

Explanation: SA node pacemaker activity relies on the hyperpolarization-activated funny current (If) – mixed Na+/K+ inward current, plus decreasing outward K+ current. A) Increased PaCO2, increased pH B) Decreased PaCO2,

A) Decreased renin release B) Increased angiotensin II formation C) Decreased aldosterone secretion D) Increased ANP release

Explanation: Hyperventilation → excessive CO2 exhalation → respiratory alkalosis (↓PaCO2, ↑pH). Vagal tone decreases, not increases

A) Increased ADH secretion B) Decreased glomerular filtration rate C) Osmotic diuresis from glucosuria D) Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle

A) Increased parasympathetic (vagal) efferent activity to SA node B) Decreased sympathetic efferent activity to the heart C) Increased sympathetic efferent activity to the heart D) Increased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion