In contrast, the persona of âLa Divina Cleopatraââa term borrowed from opera (La Divina, referring to Maria Callas) and extended into popular mediaârepresents a different mode of engagement. This Cleopatra is not a monster but a goddess of performance, celebrated for her theatricality and emotional excess. From Shakespeareâs Antony and Cleopatra to the Hollywood musical and the drag stage, La Divina is the queen of camp. The most iconic cinematic embodiment remains Elizabeth Taylorâs 1963 Cleopatra, a film whose real dramaâthe off-screen affair between Taylor and Richard Burtonâbecame inseparable from the on-screen romance. Taylorâs Cleopatra is less a historical politician than a mid-century Hollywood diva: draped in gold, delivering epigrams like a talk-show host, and commanding armies with a raised eyebrow. This version has been endlessly parodied and paid homage to in television comedies ( The Simpsons , Saturday Night Live ), music videos (from Lizzo to BeyoncĂ©âs âFormationâ visual album), and even video games (the Civilization series, where Cleopatra flirts with other leaders). âLa Divinaâ treats history as a costume party: the queenâs famous death by asp becomes a final, exquisite performance. In this media strand, Cleopatraâs power is not threatening but aspirational; she is the ultimate self-made icon, a woman who turns politics into art.
First, the Mummy franchise presents Cleopatra not as a protagonist but as a foundational ghostâa source of cursed power and forbidden knowledge. In The Mummy (1999) and The Mummy Returns (2001), the narrative revolves around the resurrected Imhotep, but the shadow of Cleopatra lingers in the filmâs aesthetic and thematic DNA. The Egypt on screen is one of golden sands, elaborate jewelry, and decadent, dangerous sexualityâa direct inheritance from Hollywoodâs Cleopatra tradition (most notably the 1963 Elizabeth Taylor version). When the female lead, Evelyn Carnahan, transforms from a librarian into a reincarnated Egyptian princess, she channels a Cleopatra-like command: intelligent, desirous, and unafraid to wield power. In the franchiseâs 2017 reboot, The Mummy , the female antagonist Ahmanet explicitly mirrors Cleopatraâs legend: a princess who murders her family and makes a pact with a dark god to seize the throne. Both versions exploit what cultural historian Lucy Hughes-Hallett calls the âCleopatra complexâ: the Western fear of a powerful, sexually autonomous woman from the East. The mummy, like Cleopatra, must be contained, re-wrapped, and returned to her sarcophagusâlest she destabilize both patriarchy and imperial order. Thus, in Mummy content, âMummy Xâ is the ultimate femme fatale whose return is always both a horror and a guilty pleasure.
The image of Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, has undergone more dramatic reinventions than perhaps any other ancient figure. In the collective imagination, she is simultaneously the cunning political strategist, the tragic romantic heroine, and the opulent oriental queen. Two particularly potent, if ostensibly distinct, strands of modern entertainment contentâthe action-horror Mummy franchise and the high-camp, operatic persona of âLa Divina Cleopatraââdemonstrate how popular media continuously exhumes and re-mummifies the queen to serve contemporary anxieties and desires. By examining the Mummy films (1999-2017) alongside the broader cultural archetype of âLa Divinaâ (the divine, theatrical Cleopatra), this essay argues that Cleopatra functions as a uniquely malleable screen onto which each generation projects its fears of foreign power, its fantasies of female authority, and its hunger for spectacular spectacle. Far from being a historical figure, the Cleopatra of entertainment content is a living myth, a âMummy Xâ whose identity remains perpetually unresolved.
In contrast, the persona of âLa Divina Cleopatraââa term borrowed from opera (La Divina, referring to Maria Callas) and extended into popular mediaârepresents a different mode of engagement. This Cleopatra is not a monster but a goddess of performance, celebrated for her theatricality and emotional excess. From Shakespeareâs Antony and Cleopatra to the Hollywood musical and the drag stage, La Divina is the queen of camp. The most iconic cinematic embodiment remains Elizabeth Taylorâs 1963 Cleopatra, a film whose real dramaâthe off-screen affair between Taylor and Richard Burtonâbecame inseparable from the on-screen romance. Taylorâs Cleopatra is less a historical politician than a mid-century Hollywood diva: draped in gold, delivering epigrams like a talk-show host, and commanding armies with a raised eyebrow. This version has been endlessly parodied and paid homage to in television comedies ( The Simpsons , Saturday Night Live ), music videos (from Lizzo to BeyoncĂ©âs âFormationâ visual album), and even video games (the Civilization series, where Cleopatra flirts with other leaders). âLa Divinaâ treats history as a costume party: the queenâs famous death by asp becomes a final, exquisite performance. In this media strand, Cleopatraâs power is not threatening but aspirational; she is the ultimate self-made icon, a woman who turns politics into art.
First, the Mummy franchise presents Cleopatra not as a protagonist but as a foundational ghostâa source of cursed power and forbidden knowledge. In The Mummy (1999) and The Mummy Returns (2001), the narrative revolves around the resurrected Imhotep, but the shadow of Cleopatra lingers in the filmâs aesthetic and thematic DNA. The Egypt on screen is one of golden sands, elaborate jewelry, and decadent, dangerous sexualityâa direct inheritance from Hollywoodâs Cleopatra tradition (most notably the 1963 Elizabeth Taylor version). When the female lead, Evelyn Carnahan, transforms from a librarian into a reincarnated Egyptian princess, she channels a Cleopatra-like command: intelligent, desirous, and unafraid to wield power. In the franchiseâs 2017 reboot, The Mummy , the female antagonist Ahmanet explicitly mirrors Cleopatraâs legend: a princess who murders her family and makes a pact with a dark god to seize the throne. Both versions exploit what cultural historian Lucy Hughes-Hallett calls the âCleopatra complexâ: the Western fear of a powerful, sexually autonomous woman from the East. The mummy, like Cleopatra, must be contained, re-wrapped, and returned to her sarcophagusâlest she destabilize both patriarchy and imperial order. Thus, in Mummy content, âMummy Xâ is the ultimate femme fatale whose return is always both a horror and a guilty pleasure.
The image of Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, has undergone more dramatic reinventions than perhaps any other ancient figure. In the collective imagination, she is simultaneously the cunning political strategist, the tragic romantic heroine, and the opulent oriental queen. Two particularly potent, if ostensibly distinct, strands of modern entertainment contentâthe action-horror Mummy franchise and the high-camp, operatic persona of âLa Divina Cleopatraââdemonstrate how popular media continuously exhumes and re-mummifies the queen to serve contemporary anxieties and desires. By examining the Mummy films (1999-2017) alongside the broader cultural archetype of âLa Divinaâ (the divine, theatrical Cleopatra), this essay argues that Cleopatra functions as a uniquely malleable screen onto which each generation projects its fears of foreign power, its fantasies of female authority, and its hunger for spectacular spectacle. Far from being a historical figure, the Cleopatra of entertainment content is a living myth, a âMummy Xâ whose identity remains perpetually unresolved.