Rugiuose: Prie Bedugnes Pdf

The term “rugulose” refers to finely wrinkled surfaces observed in certain plant leaves and seeds. This report examines three endemic species from the Bedugul volcanic region (1,400 m asl) in Bali, Indonesia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed rugulose epicuticular wax patterns correlating with high UV exposure and water repellency. The findings suggest adaptive significance for montane tropical environments.